Biological Diversity of the Mediterranean Sea

Posidonia Oceanica (Neptungrass) © Over-The-Oceans

Biological Diversity of the Mediterranean Sea.

The Meds, hosts an extraordinary variety of species. Although it only accounts for about 1% of the world's oceans, it is home to nearly 10% of the world's marine biodiversity. More than 17,000 marine species have been cataloged so far, including corals, sea turtles, dolphins, seals, whales, and numerous fish species.

One of the most fascinating ecosystems in the Mediterranean is the Posidonia seagrass meadows, which are known as the "green lungs" of the sea. They are not only an important habitat for many marine species but also a significant carbon sink that helps combat climate change.

The biodiversity of the Mediterranean also plays a central role in supporting fisheries, tourism, and coastal communities. There are several species in the Mediterranean that are particularly impressive, whether for their size, rarity, or ecological importance:

Mediterranean Monk Seal (Monachus monachus): One of the rarest seal species in the world. There are only about 700 individuals left, and it is under strict protection.

Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta): A sea turtle species that nests in the Mediterranean. Known for its long migrations, it plays an important role in marine ecosystems.

Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): This dolphin species is one of the largest and most common in the Mediterranean. Known for its intelligence and acrobatic leaps.

Red Coral (Corallium rubrum): Famous for its deep red color, this coral species has been used for jewelry since ancient times. Coral reefs provide vital habitats for many species.

Neptune Grass (Posidonia oceanica): An endemic seagrass of the Mediterranean, forming extensive underwater meadows that provide shelter for many fish and invertebrates. Neptune grass also stores large amounts of CO₂.

Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola): An impressively large fish that can reach up to 3 meters in length. It is one of the heaviest bony fish and known for its unusual shape.

Orange Coral (Astroides calycularis): A strikingly orange coral species that grows near the coast, inhabiting small caves and rocks.

Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus): This large and fast fish is impressive for its size, strength, and high commercial value but is under pressure due to overfishing.

Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus): Sperm whales are the largest toothed whales in the world and can reach lengths of up to 20 meters. Only a small, isolated population lives in the Mediterranean, primarily concentrated in the western regions.

These species are particularly notable and highlight the diversity and ecological importance of the Mediterranean. Many of them are endangered and require protective measures. Surprisingly, a significant number of shark species also inhabit the Mediterranean, although some of them are rare.

Copyright: Over-The-Oceans.com

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